上下

うえした
high & low
up & down
unloading & loading
praising & blaming
じょうげ
high & low
up & down
unloading & loading
praising & blaming
かみしも
samurai garb
an old ceremonial garb
the government and the people
the upper and the lower parts of the body
しょうか
high and low
the government and the people
going up and down

* * *

I

うえした【上下】

⇒ じょうげ［上下］

II

じょうげ【上下】

ups and downs

《略式》［比喩的に］ 浮き沈み， 栄枯盛衰.

¶ → 上下動

¶ → 上下に

¶彼は私の手を～に振って握手した

He pumped my hand.

¶～の揺れの多い飛行

a bumpy flight

¶ → 背広上下

* * *

I

うえした【上下】

1 〔位置の〕 up and down; above and below; the top and the bottom; 〔縦の長さ〕 length. [＝じょうげ 1]

●普通サイズより上下が 3 センチ長い手帳 a (pocket) notebook [diary] three centimeters longer than one of the usual size

・彼が使ったレポート用紙は, 規定のものより上下が長いために受理されなかった. The paper he used for his report was longer than the prescribed paper, so it wasn't accepted.

●とじ方を間違えて文集の表紙が上下になってしまった. They bound it wrong and the cover of the anthology is upside down.

・和室の床柱が上下になってつけられてしまった. The alcove [tokonoma] post for the tatami room was put in upside down.

・原稿用紙が上下にならないように気をつけてとじなさい. File the scripts carefully so that none of them is upside down.

●板を 2 枚重ねて切れば上下を揃えられる. To have two boards of the same length, put one board on top of the other one and cut them together.

2 〔上の分と下の分〕 ⇒じょうげ 5.

●衣服の上下 〔上着と下着〕 outer garments and undergarments; 〔上半身用と下半身用〕 a coat and trousers; a jacket and slacks; a top and bottom

・デニム地の上下 a denim top and denim bottom; a denim jacket and denim jeans.

●上下がそろっている服装のほうがいいでしょう. I think a matching top and bottom outfit would be better.

●彼女は上下とも絹を身につけていた. She had on [was wearing] silken outer garments as well as silk undergarments.

II

しょうか【上下】

high and low. [＝じょうげ]

●上下心を一つにして外敵に当たった. All the nation, high and low, united in defending their land against the enemy.

III

じょうか【上下】

＝じょうげ, しょうか¹.

上下両院 (both) the Upper and Lower Houses; both Houses; 〔米国の〕 Congress.

IV

じょうげ【上下】

1 〔空間の高低･位置関係〕 top and bottom; the upper and lower sides [parts].

～する go [move] up and down; rise and fall; see-saw; (波上の船などが) heave and set.

●船は木の葉のように上下した. The boat was tossed about like a leaf.

・このビルでは何十基ものエレベーターがひっきりなしに上下している. In this building several dozen elevators are constantly moving up and down.

・肩を上下させる move one's shoulders up and down

・激しく胸を上下させてあえぐ breathe hard, making one's chest go violently in and out; pant [gasp for breath], one's chest heaving

・合図のランプを上下させる raise and lower a signal lamp.

●上下逆さまに upside down.

●上下に up and down; upward and downward; above and below; 〔高く低く〕 high and low

・上下に揺れる toss [rock, bounce] up and down; pitch

・その瞬間, 機体は激しく上下に揺れた. In that instant, the body of the plane tossed violently up and down.

・画像の上下にスペースを入れる add some space above and below an image.

●上下の up-and-down

・上下の余白 the top and bottom margins.

2 〔上がり下がりの変動〕 rise and fall; fluctuations.

～する rise and fall; fluctuate; go up and down.

●この干潟の潮位は最大 5 メートルも上下する. The difference of water levels in this tideland can be up to 5 meters.

・為替は 1 ドル 120 円台前半を上下している. The exchange rate hovers between 120 and 125 yen to the dollar.

・きのうは一日で 10 度以上も気温が上下した. Yesterday the (air) temperature fluctuated more than 10 degrees.

●株価の上下 fluctuations in share quotations.

3 〔上りと下り〕

～する go to…and come back.

●隅田川を上下する遊覧船 pleasure boats going up and down the Sumida River.

4 〔貴賤〕 the upper and lower classes; high and low; (the) great and (the) small; superiors and inferiors; all classes of people; 〔統治者と被統治者〕 ruler and ruled; 〔官民〕 the government and the people. [⇒しょうか¹]

●身分の上下 high and low status.

●上下心を一にして with all classes of people in perfect unison [harmony].

●上下の別なく irrespective of rank; without distinction of social standing; both high and low

・上下の別なく一堂に会する[祭りを楽しむ] gather in one place [enjoy a festival] without regard to social standing

・恋に上下の隔てなし. ⇒こい¹.

5 〔対になった服の上着とズボンまたはスカート〕 (a) top and bottom.

●背広の上下 a coat and trousers; a suit.

●上下で色を変えるとカジュアルな印象になる. Wearing different colors top and bottom gives a casual appearance.

●麻の上下に身を包む dress oneself top and bottom in linen

・男性の喪服は黒の上下に黒ネクタイと決まっている. The proper funeral attire for men is black coats and trousers and a black tie.

6 〔上巻と下巻〕 the first and second volumes.

●上下2 巻もの a work in two volumes

・上下そろいで買う buy both parts of a two-volume set.

上下運動 ＝じょうげどう.

上下関係 a vertical relationship.

●この会社は上下関係がやかましい. The company is really strict about vertical [superior-subordinate] relationships.

上下水道 plumbing.

上下線 〔道路の〕 up and down lanes; 【鉄道】 up and down tracks [lines].

●東北線は現在上下線とも不通です. Services on both the inbound and outbound lines of Tōhoku Line have been suspended.

・中央道は八王子付近で上下線とも 20 キロの渋滞だ. Traffic on the Chūō Expressway is backed up 20 kilometers both ways near Hachiōji.